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ADHD Medications – What Are the Side Effects? Many people who suffer from ADHD take medication for the condition. It can ease symptoms, but it could also cause side effects. Consult your physician when you experience any side effects. The most commonly prescribed medication prescribed by healthcare providers for ADHD is stimulants. These drugs increase the levels of brain chemicals known as neurotransmitters that regulate the attention span and behavior. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant that is the first choice to treat ADHD in both children and adults, is the most commonly prescribed medication. It increases activity in the parts of the brain that assist control attention and behaviour. Methylphenidate can also be used to treat other conditions such as narcolepsy. It can help those suffering from Narcolepsy remain awake throughout the day and improve their ability to concentrate and pay attention. This medication could have an extremely high risk of abuse and is classified as a Schedule II drug by the US Drug Enforcement Agency. The medication is taken exactly as prescribed to reduce the chance of abuse and adverse negative effects. Methylphenidate may cause psychotic symptoms in a few people. It can also cause worse the behavior and tics of people suffering from Tourette syndrome or bipolar disorder. Before taking this medication, people with these conditions must inform their doctor. It is important to inform your doctor if there are any other health issues or are allergic to any food or dyes (such as tartrazine, which is a yellow dye that is found in processed foods and in some medications and Adhansia XR). Methylphenidate can interact with certain drugs, including opioid medicines such as antidepressants, antidepressants, and monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as isocarboxazid (Marplan) and linezolid (Zyvox), methylene blue, Phenelzine (Nardil) and rasagiline (Azilect), selegiline (Eldepryl, Emsam, Zelapar) or tranylcypromine (Parnate). It's also important to stay clear of alcohol and other stimulant drugs while taking methylphenidate. These drugs may have a negative impact on your heart rate or blood pressure. The immediate-release methylphenidate tablets (Ritalin) and chewable tablets with long-acting properties and the long-acting orally disintegrating capsule (Quillichew ER and Cotempla XR-ODT) contain phenylalanine, which can be risky if you have an inherited condition known as phenylketonuria (PKU). Bupropion Bupropion, an antidepressant medication, works in the brain and improves mood. It also reduces symptoms of ADHD. It can also be used to treat depression and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) which is a form of depression that occurs in autumn-winter. It is also used to help people stop smoking cigarettes by reducing cravings for nicotine and withdrawal symptoms. Bupropion has been shown to reduce ADHD symptoms in adults in a variety of studies. The pooled fixed effect RR for week-6 improvement (using a clinically significant change of 30% or more on the CGI) is 1.14 (95%CI 0.95-1.37). For the overall response, this is 52 percent of the bupropion-treated group and 37% in the placebo group. Bupropion could cause serious and life-threatening interactions when taken with other medications. These include sedatives and antidepressants as well as some blood pressure medications. It may also increase the risk of seizure for those with a history of seizures or high blood pressure. It is also not recommended for use in people with certain medical conditions and should not be taken by women who are pregnant or breastfeeding. Bupropion is a form of brand-name drugs Wellbutrin SR and Wellbutrin XL. It is also available in the form of Zyban, Budeprion SR. Aplenzin and Forfivo XL. It is also available as a generic drug. Tricyclic antidepressants Tricyclic Antidepressants (or TCAs are a class of drugs that work by altering brain chemicals. They were among the first antidepressants to be developed. While they aren't used as a first line treatment for depression, they may still be effective for some individuals. They inhibit the reuptake process of dopamine, serotonin and noradrenaline, increasing their presence in neurons. They can be used to treat a variety of other diseases, such as enuresis, pain syndromes such as fibromyalgia, as well as the phantom-limb syndrome. TCAs can be prescribed alone or in combination with stimulants, and they can have a positive effect on the symptoms of ADHD. They can help improve the symptoms of ADHD, and can reduce depression, anxiety and impulsiveness. Additionally, they can assist in reducing tics, which are repetitive uncontrollable movements or sounds like clearing the throat or blinking. TCAs can trigger side effects, including dry mouth, sedation, and constipation, and may increase the risk of heart issues. They can interact with other medications, such as anticholinergics and should be avoided by pregnant women. They are also known to be teratogenic for animals and may cross the placenta. If you have any concerns consult your physician because there are newer antidepressants with a safer side-effects profile. Selective serotonin inhibition of reuptake (SSRIs). The SSRIs are an antidepressant class of medications that inhibit serotonin reuptake by neurons and aid in increasing the amount of serotonin that is available to signal. They also decrease anxiety and decrease impulsive behavior. They are commonly used to treat adhd because they can help some people suffering from their symptoms and work well in conjunction with other drugs. SSRIs include fluoxetine, sertraline paroxetine, and citalopram. They have linear pharmacokinetics, and have a low clearance from the body, yet they are extensively metabolized in the liver through CYP450 isoenzymes. This leads to varying blood levels. These medications can also be prescribed to treat other disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and generalized anxiety disorder, and bulimia nervosa. The SSRIs fluoxetine, escitalopram, and sertraline may help reduce PTSD symptoms. However, they don't seem to be effective in treating other PTSD symptoms. The SSRIs can trigger an uncommon side effect that can cause sexual dysfunction. If you're thinking of taking one of these medications it is essential to speak with your doctor. It is typical for people to have to test several different kinds of ADHD medications before they find the one that is most effective for them. The medications are constantly being developed and researched. It is essential to inform your doctor about all medications you take. Selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs). If stimulant drugs don't work for adults suffering from ADHD doctors recommend an inhibitor of selective norepinephrine reuptake (SNRI). These medications boost the levels of two brain chemicals called norepinephrine and serotonin. They also improve mood and reduce anxiety and depression. SNRIs are similar to TCAs, but they are less risky and have less side effects. add in adults medication IamPsychiatry are used to treat many conditions, including anxiety disorders and long-term pain, such as fibromyalgia or nerve pain. Sometimes, they are used to treat depression, too. Examples of SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta) and venlafaxine (Effexor). These medications act by inhibiting the absorption (reuptake) of norepinephrine which is a natural reaction in the brain after neurotransmission. This causes a greater than normal release of phasic. The increase in norepinephrine levels can improve attention and mood. SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA for treating ADHD However, some doctors prescribe them as an alternative stimulant. Most commonly, they are taken as pills. However they can also be taken in liquid form or as patches. In April 2021 the FDA approved an oral SNRI known as viloxazine (Qelbree) to treat ADHD in kids and adolescents. It is not the potential for abuse so it isn't classified as a controlled substance. Serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) SNRIs are antidepressants which affect the levels of norepinephrine and serotonin in the brain. They are prescribed to treat depression and anxiety disorders but can also help control ADHD symptoms. Several studies have shown that SNRI medications, including duloxetine and venlafaxine can dramatically reduce the score of different ADHD tests. SNRIs may increase blood pressure or interact with certain medications. Therefore, it is important to consult a physician before taking these drugs. In addition, improperly disposed medication can harm both people and animals. It is therefore important to follow the correct disposal guidelines. SSRIs or SNRIs have not been approved by the FDA to treat ADHD However, doctors may prescribe them off-label. They are effective, safe and have less side effects than stimulants. Speak to your doctor and discuss the symptoms of your child. SNRIs may increase the levels of serotonin and norepinephrine, however they aren't suitable for all. Women who are nursing or pregnant should not take SNRIs as they may be passed through breast milk. Patients who suffer from liver or blood pressure problems should not take these medications, either, since they can increase the risk of developing cardiovascular problems. Selective dopamine Reuptake Inhibitors (DARPIs). Many people who suffer from ADHD discover that medication can help them increase their concentration and focus. They may also experience less behavior that is impulsive. The medication is often combined with behavioral therapy and training to help individuals learn how to control their symptoms. Finding the appropriate medication for each person takes time. During this process, doctors observe physical reactions to find the optimal balance of benefits and adverse effects. Stimulant medications, like methylphenidate can increase the activity of a certain brain chemicals that control memory and concentration. They are generally safe and beneficial for the majority of people, however, they may cause serious adverse effects, such as a decrease in appetite and trouble sleeping. These side effects typically go away within several weeks as your body adjusts to the medication. Adults and children can also use non-stimulant drugs. They take longer to start working, but they are able to enhance concentration and impulse control. These include alpha-2-adrenergic antagonists (atomoxetine and viloxazine), as well as Guanfacine. Antidepressants can also treat ADHD. They can boost norepinephrine levels which is a neurotransmitter within the brain that assists with the impulsive behavior and depression. Bupropion is an example of an antidepressant employed to treat ADHD. It was originally prescribed “off-label” for ADHD, but drugmakers eventually developed extended-release versions and the FDA approved it as a treatment option for this disorder.